E-ISSN 2231-3206 | ISSN 2320-4672
 

Original Research

Online Publishing Date:
06 / 04 / 2015

 


Study of visual field in healthy chronic smokers

Anju Jain, Mansi Nagarsheth, Hetal Desai.


Abstract
Background: Visual disturbances caused by smoking have been studied extensively though the pathogenesis is poorly understood. The significance to diagnose visual field disturbances because of smoking is that prognosis for return of vision is always good if the consumption of tobacco is restrained timely.

Aims & Objective: To study visual field in healthy smokers.

Materials and Methods: In this study, subjects from the outpatient clinic were selected randomly: 30 healthy smokers and 30 nonsmokers. These subjects were divided into two groups: test (smokers) and control (nonsmokers). Ocular examination of all the subjects was done including intraocular pressure measurement and fundus examination. Further, visual field analysis was carried out using an automated perimeter (M700; Medmont International). Then, interpretation of visual field was done along with assessment of visual field defects. Values obtained were analyzed using Z-test and unpaired Student’s t-test. p-Value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: Average deviation (AD) and patterned deviation (PD) were found to be significantly high in smokers as compared to nonsmokers (p < 0.001). It was also observed that AD and PD were significantly high if the smoking load (average number of cigarettes multiplied by average duration of smoking) is more than 50,000 (p < 0.005 and p < 0.02, respectively). In smokers, retinal sensitivity was found to decrease and the presence of localized scotomas was observed, but the central vision was found to be preserved.

Conclusion: This study is important in diagnosing visual field defects in tobacco amblyopia to stop nicotine toxicity in time with early intervention, thereby preventing further damage to the optic nerve.

Key words: Smokers; Visual Field; Scotoma; Retinal Sensitivity; Perimeter


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Anju Jain, Mansi Nagarsheth, Hetal Desai. Study of visual field in healthy chronic smokers. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 5(2): 85-88. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.020920142


Web Style

Anju Jain, Mansi Nagarsheth, Hetal Desai. Study of visual field in healthy chronic smokers. https://www.njppp.com/?mno=167829 [Access: March 16, 2024]. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.020920142


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Anju Jain, Mansi Nagarsheth, Hetal Desai. Study of visual field in healthy chronic smokers. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 5(2): 85-88. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.020920142



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Anju Jain, Mansi Nagarsheth, Hetal Desai. Study of visual field in healthy chronic smokers. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2015), [cited March 16, 2024]; 5(2): 85-88. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.020920142



Harvard Style

Anju Jain, Mansi Nagarsheth, Hetal Desai (2015) Study of visual field in healthy chronic smokers. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 5 (2), 85-88. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.020920142



Turabian Style

Anju Jain, Mansi Nagarsheth, Hetal Desai. 2015. Study of visual field in healthy chronic smokers. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5 (2), 85-88. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.020920142



Chicago Style

Anju Jain, Mansi Nagarsheth, Hetal Desai. "Study of visual field in healthy chronic smokers." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5 (2015), 85-88. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.020920142



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Anju Jain, Mansi Nagarsheth, Hetal Desai. "Study of visual field in healthy chronic smokers." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5.2 (2015), 85-88. Print. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.020920142



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Anju Jain, Mansi Nagarsheth, Hetal Desai (2015) Study of visual field in healthy chronic smokers. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5 (2), 85-88. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.020920142