E-ISSN 2231-3206 | ISSN 2320-4672
 

Original Research

Online Publishing Date:
23 / 11 / 2015

 


A comparative study of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Prema K Joshi, Pranjali S Shinde.


Abstract
Background: Premenopause is a term that encompasses the entire reproductive period up to final menstrual period, whereas menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation. Menopause is “burning out of ovaries.” After menopause, the primordial follicles become atretic; hence, the ovaries fail completely to produce estrogen. The presence of estrogen receptors in the heart, vascular smooth muscles, and autonomic brainstem centers establishes a probable participation in the regulation of cardiovascular system.

Aims and Objective: To compare the autonomic function tests in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Materials and Methods: The autonomic function tests in 60 premenopausal women (25–45 years) and 60 postmenopausal women (45–60 years) were compared. The following parameters were studied: (i) body mass index (BMI); (ii) waist–hip ratio (WHR); (iii) Parasympathetic function tests—(a) heart rate response to postural change (30:15 ratio), (b) heart rate variation during deep breathing, and (c) Valsalva maneuver test; and iv) sympathetic function tests—(a) orthostatic tolerance test, (b) sustained isometric handgrip test, and (c) cold pressor test.

Result: (1) BMI and WHR significantly increased in the postmenopausal women when compared with the premenopausal women. (2) The 30:15 ratio significantly decreased in the postmenopausal women when compared with the premenopausal women whereas heart rate variation during deep breathing and Valsalva maneuver test did not show any significant change. (3) All the sympathetic function test results significantly increased in the postmenopausal women when compared with premenopausal women.

Conclusion: This finding showed an increased tendency of obesity and autonomic imbalance with sympathetic overactivity in the postmenopausal women when compared with the premenopausal women.

Key words: Autonomic Function, Postmenopausal Women, Premenopausal Women


 
ARTICLE TOOLS
Abstract
PDF Fulltext
How to cite this articleHow to cite this article
Citation Tools
Related Records
 Articles by Prema K Joshi
Articles by Pranjali S Shinde
on Google
on Google Scholar


How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Prema K Joshi, Pranjali S Shinde. A comparative study of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 5(5): 386-390. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.0608201562


Web Style

Prema K Joshi, Pranjali S Shinde. A comparative study of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women. https://www.njppp.com/?mno=198688 [Access: March 16, 2024]. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.0608201562


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Prema K Joshi, Pranjali S Shinde. A comparative study of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 5(5): 386-390. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.0608201562



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Prema K Joshi, Pranjali S Shinde. A comparative study of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2015), [cited March 16, 2024]; 5(5): 386-390. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.0608201562



Harvard Style

Prema K Joshi, Pranjali S Shinde (2015) A comparative study of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 5 (5), 386-390. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.0608201562



Turabian Style

Prema K Joshi, Pranjali S Shinde. 2015. A comparative study of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5 (5), 386-390. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.0608201562



Chicago Style

Prema K Joshi, Pranjali S Shinde. "A comparative study of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5 (2015), 386-390. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.0608201562



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Prema K Joshi, Pranjali S Shinde. "A comparative study of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5.5 (2015), 386-390. Print. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.0608201562



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Prema K Joshi, Pranjali S Shinde (2015) A comparative study of autonomic function tests in normotensive premenopausal and postmenopausal women. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5 (5), 386-390. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.0608201562