National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology

2019, Vol: 9, Issue: 5

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Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 5(1): 33-35

doi: 10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar.

Cited by (6)

Abstract
Background: Derangement of gonadal functions has been reported in association with HIV infection, but data from Indian population are not sufficient.

Aims & Objective: To evaluate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients.

Materials and Methods: A total of 45 male HIV-positive patients were included and divided in two groups on the basis of CD4 cell count. Patients in groups A and B had CD4 count ≤200 and >200 cell/μL, respectively. Baseline hormone level was measured before the start of HAART, and the patients were followed up for 6 months and the hormone levels were measured again.

Results: In group A (n = 29), six (20.69%) patients had testosterone level <200 ng/dL, among them four (66.67%) patients had low luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (secondary hypogonadism) levels. In group B (n = 16), none of the patients had low testosterone level whereas two (12.5%) and seven (43.8%) had low LH and FSH level, respectively. Overall of 45 patients, 6 (13.33%) had hypogonadism. Of these six patients, four (66.67%) were having secondary whereas two (33.33%) were primary hypogonadism. After 6 months, condition of five of these six (83.33%) patients improved on HAART.

Conclusion: This study showed the improvement in gonadal dysfunction in HIV patients on administration of HAART. Although the number of patients included in this study was small, but this pilot study provides a basis for further evaluation by a large longitudinal study to substantiate its findings.

Key words: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART); Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Endocrine Changes

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This Article Cited By the following articles

Naringenin attenuates highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced sperm DNA fragmentations and testicular toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats Andrology 2018; 6(1): 166.	1

Antiretroviral Therapy and Alcohol Interactions: X-raying Testicular and Seminal Parameters Under the HAART Era Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43(2): 121.	2

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: uncommonly low testosterone levels 2017; (): .	3

Antiretroviral Therapy and Alcohol Interactions: X-raying Testicular and Seminal Parameters Under the HAART Era Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; (): .	4

Naringenin attenuates highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced sperm DNA fragmentations and testicular toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats Andrology 2017; (): .	5

Coconut Oil Extract Mitigates Testicular Injury Following Adjuvant Treatment with Antiretroviral Drugs ToxicolRes 2016; 32(4): 317.	6

How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 5(1): 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

Web Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. http://www.njppp.com/?mno=160716 [Access: May 22, 2019]. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 5(1): 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2015), [cited May 22, 2019]; 5(1): 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

Harvard Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar (2015) A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 5 (1), 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

Turabian Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. 2015. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5 (1), 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

Chicago Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. "A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5 (2015), 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar (2015) A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5 (1), 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142



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