National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology

2018, Vol: 8, Issue: 12

8/12Current Issue Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Required files to uploaded

« Previous Article

Original Research

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 5(1): 33-35

doi: 10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar.

Cited by (6)

Abstract
Background: Derangement of gonadal functions has been reported in association with HIV infection, but data from Indian population are not sufficient.

Aims & Objective: To evaluate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients.

Materials and Methods: A total of 45 male HIV-positive patients were included and divided in two groups on the basis of CD4 cell count. Patients in groups A and B had CD4 count ≤200 and >200 cell/μL, respectively. Baseline hormone level was measured before the start of HAART, and the patients were followed up for 6 months and the hormone levels were measured again.

Results: In group A (n = 29), six (20.69%) patients had testosterone level <200 ng/dL, among them four (66.67%) patients had low luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (secondary hypogonadism) levels. In group B (n = 16), none of the patients had low testosterone level whereas two (12.5%) and seven (43.8%) had low LH and FSH level, respectively. Overall of 45 patients, 6 (13.33%) had hypogonadism. Of these six patients, four (66.67%) were having secondary whereas two (33.33%) were primary hypogonadism. After 6 months, condition of five of these six (83.33%) patients improved on HAART.

Conclusion: This study showed the improvement in gonadal dysfunction in HIV patients on administration of HAART. Although the number of patients included in this study was small, but this pilot study provides a basis for further evaluation by a large longitudinal study to substantiate its findings.

Key words: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART); Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); Endocrine Changes

	ARTICLE TOOLS
	Abstract
	PDF Fulltext
	Print this Article
	How to cite this article
	Citation Tools
	Related Records
	Articles by Abhishek Pathak Articles by Lalit Prashant Meena Articles by Jaya Chakravarty Articles by Madhukar Rai Articles by Shyam Sundar
	on Google
	on Google Scholar
	Article Statistics
	Viewed: 4076 Downloaded: 1291 Cited: 6

REFERENCES

1. Grinspoon SK, Bilezikian JP. HIV disease and the endocrine system. N Engl J Med. 1992;75:262-78.

2. Aron DC. Endocrine complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:330-3. [DOI via Crossref] [Pubmed]

3. Marks JB. Endocrine manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Am J Med Sci. 1991;302: 110-17. [DOI via Crossref] [Pubmed]

4. Mylonakis E, Koutkia P, Grinspoon S. Diagnosis and treatment of androgen deficiency in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men and women. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33(6):857-64. [DOI via Crossref] [Pubmed]

5. Chabon AB, Stenger RJ, Grabstald H. Histopathology of testis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Urology. 1987;29:658-63. [DOI via Crossref]

6. Croxson TS, Chapman WE, Miller LK , Levit CD, Senie R, Zumoff B. Changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected homosexual men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989;68:317-21. [DOI via Crossref] [Pubmed]

7. Bhasin S, Singh AB, Javanbakht M. Neuroendocrine abnormalities associated with HIV infection. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2001;30(3):749-64. [DOI via Crossref]

8. Laudat A, Blum L, Guechot J, Picard O, Cabane J, Imbert JC, et al. Changes in systemic gonadal and adrenal steroids in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: Relationship with the CD4 cell count. Eur J Endocrinol. 1995;133:418-24. [DOI via Crossref] [Pubmed]

9. Meena LP, Rai M, Singh SK, Chakravarty J, Singh A, Goel R, et al. Endocrine changes in male HIV patients. J Assoc Physicians India. 2011;59:365-6, 371.

10. Coodley GO, Loveless MO, Nelson HD, Coodley MK. Endocrine function in the HIV wasting syndrome. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1994;7:46-51.

11. Jeantils V, Nguyen G, Bacle F, Thomas M, Krivitzky A. Weight gain under oral testosterone undecanoate in AIDS (letter). Therapie. 1993;48:71-72.

12. A Dobs. Role of testosterone in maintaining lean body mass and bone density in HIV-infected patients. Int J Impot Res. 2003;15(Suppl 4):S21-5.

13. Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ, Rabkin R. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone therapy for HIV-positive men with hypogonadal symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:141-7. [DOI via Crossref] [Pubmed]

14. De Paepe ME, Waxman M. Testicular atrophy in AIDS: A study of 57 autopsy cases. Hum Pathol. 1989;20:210-14. [DOI via Crossref]

15. Mosca L, Costanzi G, Antonacci C, Boldorini R, Carboni N, Cristina S, et al. Hypophyseal pathology in AIDS. Histol Histopathol. 1992;7:291-300.

16. Raffi F, Brisseau JM, Planchon B, Remi JP, Barrier JH, Grolleau JY. Endocrine function in 98 HIV-infected patients: A prospective study. AIDS. 1995;5:129-33.

17. Dobs AS, Dempsey MA, Ladenson PW, Polk BF. Endocrine disorders in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Med. 1988;84:611-16. [DOI via Crossref]

18. Sharma SK, Dwivedi NC, Kumar N, Bharti A, Meena LP. Neurological manifestation of HIV infection in north-eastern part of India. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2014;4(1):4-8. [DOI via Crossref]

This Article Cited By the following articles

Naringenin attenuates highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced sperm DNA fragmentations and testicular toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats Andrology 2018; 6(1): 166.	1

Antiretroviral Therapy and Alcohol Interactions: X-raying Testicular and Seminal Parameters Under the HAART Era Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43(2): 121.	2

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: uncommonly low testosterone levels 2017; (): .	3

Antiretroviral Therapy and Alcohol Interactions: X-raying Testicular and Seminal Parameters Under the HAART Era Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; (): .	4

Naringenin attenuates highly active antiretroviral therapy-induced sperm DNA fragmentations and testicular toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats Andrology 2017; (): .	5

Coconut Oil Extract Mitigates Testicular Injury Following Adjuvant Treatment with Antiretroviral Drugs ToxicolRes 2016; 32(4): 317.	6

How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 5(1): 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

Web Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. http://www.njppp.com/?mno=160716 [Access: December 13, 2018]. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 5(1): 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2015), [cited December 13, 2018]; 5(1): 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

Harvard Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar (2015) A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 5 (1), 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

Turabian Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. 2015. A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5 (1), 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

Chicago Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar. "A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5 (2015), 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Abhishek Pathak, Lalit Prashant Meena, Jaya Chakravarty, Madhukar Rai, Shyam Sundar (2015) A pilot study to evaluate the effect of HAART on gonadal dysfunction in male HIV patients. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5 (1), 33-35. doi:10.5455/njppp.2015.5.120720142



Copyright � 2018 National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology All Rights Reserved. Subject to change without notice from or liability to National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology. For best results, please use Internet Explorer or Google Chrome	Contact Information Publisher Dipika Charan 404 Ridhi Tower Jodhpur, India 342005 publishernjppp@gmail.com Editorial query editornjppp1@gmail.com 91-9825219196 91-878-0040272

Contact Information