E-ISSN 2231-3206 | ISSN 2320-4672
 

Original Research

Online Publishing Date:
08 / 05 / 2020

 


Correlation between hemoglobin levels and visual memory among an older adult population in Chennai

Gopi Madhavan, Semmal Syed Meerasa, Vasugi Gramani Arumugam, Bugari A J, Subhashini A.


Abstract
Background: Propofol is the induction agent of choice for carrying out day care surgeries. Hypotension is one of its common adverse effects. Several drugs were evaluated in preventing this hypotension which gave inconclusive results.

Aims and objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ephedrine and ketamine in preventing the hypotension due to induction with propofol. Its objective was to evaluate if ketamine has better efficacy than ephedrine in reducing the incidence of hypotension following propofol induction.

Materials and Methods: We had done this randomized double-blind placebo controlled study prospectively in a total of 120 patients over 18 months. Patients planning to undergo elective surgeries under general anesthesia belonging to American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) Grades 1 and 2 were incorporated in the study. They were divided into three groups after randomization. They were given normal saline (Group NS), ephedrine (Group ED), and ketamine (Group KA) just before administration of propofol for induction. Parameters such as non-invasive blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation were noted at baseline, 1 min after propofol administration, just before endotracheal intubation and at 1, 2, and 3 min after endotracheal intubation. The efficacies of drugs were assessed based on variation in BP and HR.

Results: In this study, the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure values in group KA and group ED after propofol injection and before endotracheal intubation were considerably higher than that of group NS (P < 0.001). The mean HR values in the three groups were similar (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Ephedrine and ketamine have similar efficacy in reducing the incidence of hypotension following induction with propofol.

Key words: Hemoglobin; Cognitive Function; Wechsler Memory Scale – III


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Madhavan G, Meerasa SS, Arumugam VG, J BA, A S. Correlation between hemoglobin levels and visual memory among an older adult population in Chennai. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2020; 10(8): 604-608. doi:10.5455/njppp.2020.10.03063202001052020


Web Style

Madhavan G, Meerasa SS, Arumugam VG, J BA, A S. Correlation between hemoglobin levels and visual memory among an older adult population in Chennai. https://www.njppp.com/?mno=59031 [Access: March 15, 2024]. doi:10.5455/njppp.2020.10.03063202001052020


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Madhavan G, Meerasa SS, Arumugam VG, J BA, A S. Correlation between hemoglobin levels and visual memory among an older adult population in Chennai. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2020; 10(8): 604-608. doi:10.5455/njppp.2020.10.03063202001052020



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Madhavan G, Meerasa SS, Arumugam VG, J BA, A S. Correlation between hemoglobin levels and visual memory among an older adult population in Chennai. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2020), [cited March 15, 2024]; 10(8): 604-608. doi:10.5455/njppp.2020.10.03063202001052020



Harvard Style

Madhavan, G., Meerasa, . S. S., Arumugam, . V. G., J, . B. A. & A, . S. (2020) Correlation between hemoglobin levels and visual memory among an older adult population in Chennai. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 10 (8), 604-608. doi:10.5455/njppp.2020.10.03063202001052020



Turabian Style

Madhavan, Gopi, Semmal Syed Meerasa, Vasugi Gramani Arumugam, Bugari A J, and Subhashini A. 2020. Correlation between hemoglobin levels and visual memory among an older adult population in Chennai. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 10 (8), 604-608. doi:10.5455/njppp.2020.10.03063202001052020



Chicago Style

Madhavan, Gopi, Semmal Syed Meerasa, Vasugi Gramani Arumugam, Bugari A J, and Subhashini A. "Correlation between hemoglobin levels and visual memory among an older adult population in Chennai." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 10 (2020), 604-608. doi:10.5455/njppp.2020.10.03063202001052020



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Madhavan, Gopi, Semmal Syed Meerasa, Vasugi Gramani Arumugam, Bugari A J, and Subhashini A. "Correlation between hemoglobin levels and visual memory among an older adult population in Chennai." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 10.8 (2020), 604-608. Print. doi:10.5455/njppp.2020.10.03063202001052020



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Madhavan, G., Meerasa, . S. S., Arumugam, . V. G., J, . B. A. & A, . S. (2020) Correlation between hemoglobin levels and visual memory among an older adult population in Chennai. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 10 (8), 604-608. doi:10.5455/njppp.2020.10.03063202001052020