Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients

Gaurang G Bhandarkar; Surendra S Wadikar

doi:10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0516716052017

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Original Research
Online Published: 28 May 2017

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2017; 7(10): 1050-1055

doi: 10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0516716052017

Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients

Gaurang G Bhandarkar, Surendra S Wadikar.

Abstract
Background: Reaction time (RT) is an index of brains biological efficiency. RT can indicate sensorimotor variability with varying foreperiods (FPs) and can indicate mental dysfunction like schizophrenia.

Aims and Objective: Objective was to analyze the effect variable FPs on RTs in controls and schizophrenic patients.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai, on 80 normal controls and 80 schizophrenic patients in the age group of 20-50 years. Digital RT apparatus (RTM-608) manufactured by Bio-Tech., with a maximum resolution time of 0.0001 s was used. Auditory RT (ART) and visual RT (VRT) with randomly variable FPs (2, 4, and 6 s) were recorded in controls and schizophrenic patients.

Results: Two-way ANOVA with replication in MS Office Excel was used to analyze results. ARTs and VRTs in schizophrenic patients were significantly slower than that in controls with P = 1.4336E-215 with F = 6779.53969 and P = 2.5966E-209 with F = 6161.152654, respectively. The condition effect was also significant with ARTs and VRTs, increasing in patients with increase in the FPs with P = 4.84285E-16 with F = 73.35131426 (ART) and P = 2.72532E-14 with F = 63.68037666 (VRT), respectively. The Group X condition interaction also was significant with P = 8.80207E-12 with F = 50.27084108 in case of ARTs and P = 1.21054E-10 with F = 44.36301991 in case of VRTs.

Conclusion: This shows that variation in FPs results in slower RTs in schizophrenic patients than in controls.

Key words: Choice Reaction Time; Foreperiod; Variable; Cognition; Schizophrenia

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Pubmed Style

Bhandarkar GG, Wadikar SS. Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2017; 7(10): 1050-1055. doi:10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0516716052017

Web Style

Bhandarkar GG, Wadikar SS. Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients. https://www.njppp.com/?mno=266456 [Access: November 02, 2025]. doi:10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0516716052017

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Bhandarkar GG, Wadikar SS. Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2017; 7(10): 1050-1055. doi:10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0516716052017

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Bhandarkar GG, Wadikar SS. Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2017), [cited November 02, 2025]; 7(10): 1050-1055. doi:10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0516716052017

Harvard Style

Bhandarkar, G. G. & Wadikar, . S. S. (2017) Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 7 (10), 1050-1055. doi:10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0516716052017

Turabian Style

Bhandarkar, Gaurang G, and Surendra S Wadikar. 2017. Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 (10), 1050-1055. doi:10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0516716052017

Chicago Style

Bhandarkar, Gaurang G, and Surendra S Wadikar. "Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 7 (2017), 1050-1055. doi:10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0516716052017

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Bhandarkar, Gaurang G, and Surendra S Wadikar. "Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 7.10 (2017), 1050-1055. Print. doi:10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0516716052017

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Bhandarkar, G. G. & Wadikar, . S. S. (2017) Comparative analysis of choice reaction times with randomly variable foreperiods in normal individuals and schizophrenic patients. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 (10), 1050-1055. doi:10.5455/njppp.2017.7.0516716052017

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