E-ISSN 2231-3206 | ISSN 2320-4672
 

Review Article


The role of heart rate variability in diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to machine learning applications

Arijita Banerjee.


Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) has emerged as a valuable non-invasive marker for assessing autonomic nervous system function in diabetes mellitus. This narrative review examines the pathophysiological mechanisms linking HRV alterations to diabetic complications, the clinical utility of HRV as a prognostic and diagnostic tool, and the innovative application of machine learning techniques in HRV analysis. Reduced HRV is consistently observed in individuals with diabetes and serves as an early indicator of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, a common yet underdiagnosed complication. Traditional time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear HRV metrics have demonstrated significant associations with glycemic control, microvascular complications, and cardiovascular events. Recent advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence have revolutionized HRV interpretation, enabling more sophisticated pattern recognition, risk stratification, and personalized medicine approaches. This review synthesizes current evidence on HRV pathophysiology in diabetes, evaluates established and emerging HRV assessment methods, and explores the transformative potential of computational approaches in optimizing diabetes management and preventing complications.

Key words: Autonomic neuropathy; Diabetes; Heart rate variability; Machine learning; Non linear analysis; Spectral analysis.


 
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Pubmed Style

Arijita Banerjee. The role of heart rate variability in diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to machine learning applications. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2026; 16(1): 56-64. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2026.v16.i1.8


Web Style

Arijita Banerjee. The role of heart rate variability in diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to machine learning applications. https://www.njppp.com/?mno=308192 [Access: June 02, 2026]. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2026.v16.i1.8


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Arijita Banerjee. The role of heart rate variability in diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to machine learning applications. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2026; 16(1): 56-64. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2026.v16.i1.8



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Arijita Banerjee. The role of heart rate variability in diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to machine learning applications. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2026), [cited June 02, 2026]; 16(1): 56-64. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2026.v16.i1.8



Harvard Style

Arijita Banerjee (2026) The role of heart rate variability in diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to machine learning applications. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 16 (1), 56-64. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2026.v16.i1.8



Turabian Style

Arijita Banerjee. 2026. The role of heart rate variability in diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to machine learning applications. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 16 (1), 56-64. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2026.v16.i1.8



Chicago Style

Arijita Banerjee. "The role of heart rate variability in diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to machine learning applications." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 16 (2026), 56-64. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2026.v16.i1.8



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Arijita Banerjee. "The role of heart rate variability in diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to machine learning applications." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 16.1 (2026), 56-64. Print. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2026.v16.i1.8



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Arijita Banerjee (2026) The role of heart rate variability in diabetes mellitus: From pathophysiology to machine learning applications. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 16 (1), 56-64. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2026.v16.i1.8