E-ISSN 2231-3206 | ISSN 2320-4672
 

Original Research

Online Publishing Date:
31 / 08 / 2016

 


Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic control in chronic pain patients using isometric handgrip and deep breath maneuvers

Atanu Roy, Sanjeev K. Singh.


Abstract
Background: Chronic pain of musculoskeletal origin can cause severe and prolonged pain which, in turn, can alter the autonomic outflow and thereby cardiovascular system. Various studies have been done on this issue but the same study has not been conducted yet in the population of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

Aims and Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effects of chronic pain on cardiovascular autonomic control using isometric handgrip test (IHGT) and deep breath test (DBT).

Materials and Methods: The patients (50 males of the mean age of 38 ± 2.2 years and 28 females of the mean age of 40.5 ± 2.0 years) having the pain of musculoskeletal origin with chronicity of >6 months duration and severity of >3 on visual analog scale were included in the study. The age-sex matched controls (58 males of the mean age of 35 ± 2.2 years and 28 females of the mean age of 39.6 ± 1.2 years) were also selected. The DBT and IHGT were performed, blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiography were recorded, and the heart rate (HR) was calculated.

Results: During DBT, there is a significant difference in the HR changes in the male cases versus male controls (P < 0.05), but expiration: inspiration (E: I) ratio did not show any significant changes among various groups. In IHGT, BP changes in female cases versus female controls and male cases versus female cases were found significantly different (P < 0.05) and HR changes were also significantly different in all the three groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: The results indicate the parasympatholytic responses in the male and female cases which are further supported by the HR changes in the IHGT. The BP responses indicate the normal sympathetic response in the female cases and subnormal response in the male cases.

Key words: Isometric Handgrip Test; Deep Breath Test; Pain; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Sympathetic; Parasympathetic Reactivity


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Atanu Roy, Sanjeev K. Singh. Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic control in chronic pain patients using isometric handgrip and deep breath maneuvers. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2016; 6(5): 420-426. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0408905052016


Web Style

Atanu Roy, Sanjeev K. Singh. Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic control in chronic pain patients using isometric handgrip and deep breath maneuvers. https://www.njppp.com/?mno=224209 [Access: March 14, 2024]. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0408905052016


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Atanu Roy, Sanjeev K. Singh. Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic control in chronic pain patients using isometric handgrip and deep breath maneuvers. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2016; 6(5): 420-426. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0408905052016



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Atanu Roy, Sanjeev K. Singh. Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic control in chronic pain patients using isometric handgrip and deep breath maneuvers. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2016), [cited March 14, 2024]; 6(5): 420-426. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0408905052016



Harvard Style

Atanu Roy, Sanjeev K. Singh (2016) Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic control in chronic pain patients using isometric handgrip and deep breath maneuvers. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 6 (5), 420-426. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0408905052016



Turabian Style

Atanu Roy, Sanjeev K. Singh. 2016. Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic control in chronic pain patients using isometric handgrip and deep breath maneuvers. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6 (5), 420-426. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0408905052016



Chicago Style

Atanu Roy, Sanjeev K. Singh. "Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic control in chronic pain patients using isometric handgrip and deep breath maneuvers." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 6 (2016), 420-426. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0408905052016



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Atanu Roy, Sanjeev K. Singh. "Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic control in chronic pain patients using isometric handgrip and deep breath maneuvers." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 6.5 (2016), 420-426. Print. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0408905052016



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Atanu Roy, Sanjeev K. Singh (2016) Evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic control in chronic pain patients using isometric handgrip and deep breath maneuvers. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6 (5), 420-426. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0408905052016