Abstract
Background: The diabetic state can alter certain micronutrients in the body especially Magnesium (Mg), which, in turn, has a role in modulating glucose homeostasis. Various studies in different populations have consistently reported low serum levels of serum Mg in type 2 diabetic patients and among them, serum Mg levels were lowest in diabetes with complications. In this study, an attempt is made to study that the relationship between serum Mg and type 2 diabetes in our population as preventing the progression of diabetic complications is a multidisciplinary approach, where each and every potential cause must be identified and treated at the earliest. To compare serum Mg levels among type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic complications, without diabetic complications and control groups.

Aim and Objectives: The aims of this study were as follows: (i) To compare serum Mg levels among type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic complications, without diabetic complications and control groups and (ii) to find out the correlation between serum Mg and various parameters like fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C).

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the outpatient clinic of internal medicine department in a tertiary care hospital of South India for a period of 1 year. The study was conducted in the age group of 40–65 years who were divided into three groups. Data were obtained with the help of appropriate laboratory investigations. Serum Mg levels were assessed by xylidyl blue method.

Results: Mean serum Mg levels were found to be lower in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Among the diabetic individuals, serum Mg levels were lowest among diabetic patients with complications. The difference in mean value of serum Mg among the groups was statistically significant P < 0.05.

Conclusion: Serum Mg levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients which reflect that serum Mg levels can be used as an indicator for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Key words: Serum Magnesium; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Hypomagnesemia