Effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics: An observational study

Nagalakshmi Vijaykumar; Harini B K; Swetha G; Suresh Badiger; Hrishikesh Hegde

doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01002202307032023

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Online Publishing Date:
20 / 03 / 2023

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2023; 13(10): 2060-2065

doi: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01002202307032023

Effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics: An observational study

Nagalakshmi Vijaykumar, Harini B K, Swetha G, Suresh Badiger, Hrishikesh Hegde.

Abstract
Background: This study was increased prevalence of hypertension among diabetics.

Aim and Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the influence of various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics.

Materials and Methods: Five hundred and one (n = 501) known diabetics in the age group of 40–70 of both the gender were included in the study. Various non-modifiable risk factors such as age, gender, and duration of diabetes mellitus were recorded in a standard pro forma. Various modifiable risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption were reordered in a standard pro forma. The glycosylated hemoglobin value and lipid profile were collected from the laboratory reports. The blood pressure value was recorded using mercury sphygmomanometer with both palpatory and auscultatory methods. All the values were statistically analyzed using t-test and Chi-square by SPSS 20 software.

Results: Study shows that the prevalence of hypertension among diabetics was 53.89%. The study shows that among the non-modifiable risk factors duration of diabetes was higher among the diabetics with hypertension (P = 0.001**). The study shows that among the modifiable risk factors smoking and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with development of hypertension among diabetics (P = 0.00**). The study shows that high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.011*) value were significantly higher, whereas total cholesterol (P = 0.001*) values were significantly lower among diabetics with hypertension.

Conclusion: Increase in duration of diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption influences the development of hypertension among diabetics.

Key words: Diabetes Mellitus; Hypertension; Non-modifiable Risk Factors; Modifiable Risk Factors

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Vijaykumar N, K HB, G S, Badiger S, Hegde H. Effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics: An observational study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2023; 13(10): 2060-2065. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01002202307032023

Web Style

Vijaykumar N, K HB, G S, Badiger S, Hegde H. Effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics: An observational study. https://www.njppp.com/?mno=135878 [Access: March 16, 2024]. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01002202307032023

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Vijaykumar N, K HB, G S, Badiger S, Hegde H. Effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics: An observational study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2023; 13(10): 2060-2065. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01002202307032023

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Vijaykumar N, K HB, G S, Badiger S, Hegde H. Effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics: An observational study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2023), [cited March 16, 2024]; 13(10): 2060-2065. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01002202307032023

Harvard Style

Vijaykumar, N., K, . H. B., G, . S., Badiger, . S. & Hegde, . H. (2023) Effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics: An observational study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 13 (10), 2060-2065. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01002202307032023

Turabian Style

Vijaykumar, Nagalakshmi, Harini B K, Swetha G, Suresh Badiger, and Hrishikesh Hegde. 2023. Effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics: An observational study. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 13 (10), 2060-2065. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01002202307032023

Chicago Style

Vijaykumar, Nagalakshmi, Harini B K, Swetha G, Suresh Badiger, and Hrishikesh Hegde. "Effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics: An observational study." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 13 (2023), 2060-2065. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01002202307032023

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Vijaykumar, Nagalakshmi, Harini B K, Swetha G, Suresh Badiger, and Hrishikesh Hegde. "Effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics: An observational study." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 13.10 (2023), 2060-2065. Print. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01002202307032023

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Vijaykumar, N., K, . H. B., G, . S., Badiger, . S. & Hegde, . H. (2023) Effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on hypertension among diabetics: An observational study. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 13 (10), 2060-2065. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.01002202307032023

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